Classification of internal combustion engines. The fuel ،air standard cycle,
Deviations between the actual cycle and fuel air standard cycle, Combustion
chambers, Fuel properties and its impact on engine performance. Friction and lubrication, Effect of engine operating conditions on friction loss, Engine
performance at constant speed, Effect of engine speed on friction loss, Engine
performance at variable speeds and constant load, Properties and classification
on engine lubricating oil, Testing of the lubricating oil, Oil filters for the
engines, Cooling loss, Effect of engine operating conditions on cooling loss,
Factors affecting the cooling of the engine surfaces, Temperatures limit for the
engine cooling surfaces, Engine cooling systems, The engine actual thermal
cycle. Performance map and the performance of 4 ،stroke and 2 ،stroke
engines. Supercharging: methods, turbocharging, matching of engine and
supercharger. Ignition: Types and components, Conventional and electronic
ignition. Governors: Types, Components and testing. Sources of pollutant
emissions from internal combustion engines to the atmosphere and the
methods of reducing them